2022 Aug 12;3(1):88. doi: 10.1186/s43058-022-00332-z. Ask about any scale, article, or other research material in our Community. Rsch N, Angermeyer MC, Corrigan PW. American journal of public health, 100(12), 2372-2372. Hayes, S. C., Strosahl, K. D., Wilson, K. G., Bissett, R. T., Pistorello, J., Toarmino, D., Polusny, M., A., Dykstra, T. A., Batten, S. V., Bergan, J., Stewart, S. H., Zvolensky, M. J., Eifert, G. H., Bond, F. W., Forsyth J. P., Karekla, M., & McCurry, S. M. (2004). Ruiz FJ. We then ran a principle component analysis with varimax rotation and forcing three factors, given the lack of correlation between factors. 19. Judges were first asked to rate each item in terms of the degree to which it reflects psychological flexibility (or a particular domain of flexibility such as cognitive fusion or experiential avoidance) as it might relate to stigma towards others. For each item, participants are asked to rate the classification they would willingly admit members from the group to on a scale ranging from 1 Close kinship by marriage to 7 Exclude from my country. The SDS has been found to be a reliable and valid measure of social distance towards a range of stigmatized groups in a number of studies with college students (Parillo & Donoghue, 2005). Responses are given on a 9-point scale ranging from 1 Very negative to 9 Very positive. An example SDO item is Some groups of people are simply inferior to other groups. The SDO has also been found to be a strong predictor of stigma towards a number of social groups (Asbrock et al., 2010) and has been found to be a reliable and valid measure with college students (Sidanius & Pratto, 2001). 2021 Jan 22;11:565638. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.565638. Psychology Roots is an online platform for Psychology. The AAQ is a measure commonly used by ACT researchers to assess experiential avoidance, or a lack of acceptance of negative private events (e.g., thoughts, feelings, physical sensations). The AAQ-II is under development. In total, seven items were removed in this process due to high cross loadings or low factor loading. Psychological inflexibility and experiential avoidance are associated with a broad range of psychological and behavioral health problems (Hayes, Luoma, Bond, Masuda, & Lillis, 2006; Ruiz, 2010), and may play a central role in stigma as a generalized process. PMC For example, in some contexts reporting that one is accepting of stigmatizing thoughts could indicate a propensity to stigmatize others and agree with ones stigmatizing thoughts, while in other contexts, such as after an acceptance and mindfulness intervention, it may indicate a willingness to acknowledge stigmatizing thoughts without acting on them or engaging in ineffective attempts to suppress or avoid them. Acceptance theory-based treatment for smoking cessation: An initial trial of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy. Responses are given on a 4-point scale ranging from 1 Does not describe me well to 4 Describe me very well. An example empathic concern item is I would describe myself as a pretty soft-hearted person. and an example perspective taking item is Before criticizing somebody, I try to imagine how I would feel if I were in their place. The IRI has been found to be valid and reliable in previous studies with college students (Davis, 1983). These meetings are listed in the NIEHS Events Calendar and are open to the general public. NIEHS is working to make all files fully accessible and conformant. Masuda A, Hayes SC, Fletcher LB, Seignourel PJ, Bunting K, Herbst SA, et al. Its OK to have friends that I have negative thoughts about from time to time. 6. Item response options were on a 7-point scale from 1 (never true) to 7 (always true). The Acceptance and Action Questionnaire - II: an Item Response Theory Analysis Authors: Clarissa W. Ong Benjamin G. Pierce Douglas William Woods Marquette University Michael P. Twohig Abstract. Scoring: The items on the AAQ-2 are rated on a 7 point Likert-type scale from 1 (never true) to 7 (always true). The Acceptance and Action Questionnaire II (AAQ-II; Bond et al., 2011) is the second version of a measure of experiential avoidance and psychological inflexibility. I am aware when judgments about others are passing through my mind. Unauthorized use of these marks is strictly prohibited. Stigma affects the lives of countless numbers of individuals belonging to groups such as racial minorities (Williams & Mohammed, 2009), sexual minorities (Meyer, 2003), the obese (Puhl & Heuer, 2009), substance abusers (Luoma et al., 2007), and individuals with mental health problems (Rsch, Angermeyer, & Corrigan, 2005). A promising approach is to conceptualize stigma as a more general tendency to evaluate and discriminate against others based on their group membership, rather than being specific to attitudes towards any one group in particular (Akrami, Ekehammar, & Bergh, 2011; Bckstrm & Bjrklund, 2007; Lillis & Levin, in press). 2021 Jul 1;75(4):7504180080p1-7504180080p12. Determinants of coping strategies. PDF The Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (AAQ-2) - Steven C. Hayes 2014 Aug;28(6):612-24. doi: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2014.06.008. Determinants of coping styles of people with Parkinson's Disease 11. Recent efforts have established the generalizability of this construct across . The sample was 67.7% female and the modal age was 18 (M = 20.30, SD = 3.93). Before sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal government site. A randomized controlled effectiveness trial of acceptance and commitment therapy and cognitive therapy for anxiety and depression. FOIA J Anxiety Disord. Aller T.B., Barrett, T., Levin, M.E., Brunson McClain, M. (2022). The measure used by Lillis and Hayes (2007) represented a collection of individual items to assess different features of psychological flexibility, but was not designed to be a standardized scale. Furthermore, the AAQ-S was more strongly related to stigma than a general measure of psychological inflexibility. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. On average, there was 83% agreement across judges regarding items that were rated as excellent or good quality as opposed to being rated as adequate or poor.. The Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (AAQ-2), About the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire, Attention Seeking Behaviour Questionnaire, Different Therapeutic Approaches for Emotional Well-being, The Screen for Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms. NIEHS offers a broad range of job opportunities, career enhancement programs, and research training grants and programs in environmental health sciences and administration. Keep visitingPsychology Roots. Several AAQ measures for specific problems and populations are posted under Disease and disorder specific AAQ variations. Validation of the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II in - Springer The purpose of ourwebsiteis only to help students to assist them in finding the best suitable instrument for their research especially in Pakistan where students waste a lot of time in search of the instruments. Therapies MCQs helps us to increase our knowledge. Preliminary psychometric properties of the Acceptance and Action Questionniare - II: A revised measure of psychological flexibility and experiential avoidance. Virginia St., Reno, NV 89557-0208, United States, bDepartment of Psychology, Utah State University, 2810 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322, United States, cPortland Psychotherapy Clinic, Research, and Training Center, 1830 NE Grand Ave., Portland, OR 97212, United States, dWeight Control and Diabetes Research Center, The Miriam Hospital/Brown Medical School, 196 Richmond Street, Providence, RI 02903, United States, eDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, United States. The Acceptance and Action Questionnaire - Stigma (AAQ-S): Developing a Measure of Psychological Flexibility with Stigmatizing Thoughts Authors: Michael E Levin Utah State University Jason. Preliminary psychometric properties of the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire II: A revised measure of psychological inflexibility and experiential avoidance. If you need help accessing a specific file please contact dr2@niehs.nih.gov. Bond, F. W., Hayes, S. C., Baer, R. A., Carpenter, K. M., Guenole, N., Orcutt, H. K., Waltz, T., & Zettle, R. D. (2011). 2014 Jan; 3(1): 2126. To that effect, the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (AAQ-2) was created. Bond, F. W., Hayes, S. C., Baer, R. A., Carpenter, K. M., Guenole, N., Orcutt, H. K., Waltz, T., & Zettle, R. D. (2011). Recently, there have been a series of studies specifically examining the impact of ACT on stigma and prejudice towards various groups. The final two factor principle component analysis with varimax rotation is presented in Table 1. If such a measure is found to be reliable and valid, it could provide a useful tool for further research examining the role of psychological flexibility in stigma and for examining the processes of change in stigma interventions. Consistent with Acceptance and Commitment Therapy . Hayes SC, Strosahl K, Wilson KG, Bissett RT, Pistorello J, Toarmino D, et al. 6. and transmitted securely. In support of this, higher correlations were observed between the AAQ-S inflexibility subscale and AAQ-II, both of which use negatively worded items, and the AAQ-S flexibility subscale and EQ, both of which use positively worded items. Behavior Therapy, 42, 676-688. The publisher's final edited version of this article is available at, Psychological flexibility, Experiential avoidance, Stigma, Prejudice, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy. Preliminary psychometric properties of the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire - II: A revised measure of psychological inflexibility and experiential avoidance. The Acceptance and Action Questionnaire - Stigma (AAQ - ScienceDirect Acceptance and Commitment Therapy: The process and practice of mindful change. The items on the AAQ-2 are rated on a 7 point Likert-type scale from 1 (nevertrue) to 7 (always true). Gifford EV, Kohlenberg BS, Hayes SC, Antonuccio DO, Piasecki M, Rasmussen-Hall ML, et al. There are also a variety of translated versions of the AAQ and AAQ-II posted here:AAQ-II in 30+ Languages. . Probing the relative psychometric validity of three measures of psychological inflexibility. Psychometric properties of the acceptance and action questionnaire (AAQ Ong, C. W., Lee, E.B., Levin, M.E., & Twohig, M.T. The Acceptance and Action Questionnaire II (AAQ-II) was developed to establish an internally consistent measure of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT)'s model of mental health and behavioral effectiveness. The Acceptance and Action Questionnaire - Psychology Roots The AAQ-S psychological flexibility and inflexibility subscales as well as a combined total score correlated with other measures of general psychological inflexibility and stigma in expected ways. What is coefficient alpha? Vasiliou VS, Russell H, Cockayne S, Coelho GLH, Thompson AR. 17. High scores on the AAQ-2 are reflective of greater experientialavoidance and immobility, while low scores reflect greater acceptance and action. Furthermore, as other parts of the ACT model are now given emphasis (e.g., cognitive defusion, contacting the present moment, mindfulness, and perspective-taking), experiential avoidance and, hence, acceptance are taking on a narrower meaning and are being used less often as terms for the overarching model (Hayes et al., 2006). Epub 2014 Nov 24. We are solving that in the AAQ-II. Vowles, K. E., & McCracken, L. M. (2008). McAndrews, Z., Richardson, J., & Stopa, L. (2019) Psychometric properties of acceptance measures: A systematic review. Official website of the Association for Contextual Behavioral Science, This website uses cookies to offer you a better browsing experience, 8600 Rockville Pike The .gov means its official. A cutoff factor loading score of .45 is slightly higher than the recommended cutoff of .40 (Floyd & Widaman, 1995), which we chose in order to help reduce the final number of items for each subscale. When I evaluate someone negatively, I am able to recognize that this is just a reaction, not an objective fact. 9. Acceptance and Commitment Therapy; Experiential avoidance; Prejudice; Psychological flexibility; Stigma. Floyd FJ, Widaman KF. If such findings were replicated and extended, it could suggest that including measures assessing aspects of both psychological inflexibility and flexibility would be beneficial in future research. Expert judge ratings and factor analysis were used to identify and refine two distinct subscales; psychological flexibility and psychological inflexibility relating to stigmatizing thoughts. Moreover, it isnecessary for you to take the permission of scales from their representative authors before use because copyrights are reserved by the respected authors. NOTE: The AAQ-II started out as a 10-item scale, but after final psychometric analysis has been reduced to a 7-item scale (2011). Decentering is defined as ones capacity to notice thoughts as just thoughts rather than something literally true about oneself, which is also described as cognitive defusion, an important aspect of psychological flexibility. Bookshelf AAQ-II | The Acceptance and Action Questionnaire - II Protocol for evaluating external facilitation as a strategy to nationally implement a novel stigma reduction training tool for healthcare providers. NIEHS provides many opportunities for funding to individual researchers, organizations, and businesses. The stigma of obesity: A review and update. The current study sought to develop and test the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire - Stigma (AAQ-S), a measure of psychological flexibility with stigmatizing thoughts. official website and that any information you provide is encrypted Would you like email updates of new search results? They are allowed to exchange their earned points for privileges, activities, etc. For example, it may be the case that low psychological inflexibility does not always indicate high psychological flexibility and vice versa. 8. The psychological flexibility model also highlights key pathological processes including psychological inflexibility, in which ones actions are rigidly guided by psychological reactions rather than direct contingencies or chosen values, and experiential avoidance, in which one attempts to avoid, escape or otherwise control difficult thoughts and feelings despite the harmful consequences of doing so. Furthermore, the impact of ACT on stigma relative to the control condition was mediated by reductions in the believability of stigmatizing thoughts, a core aspect of psychological flexibility (Hayes, Bissett et al., 2004). Parillo VN, Donoghue C. Updating the Bogardus social distance studies: A new national survey. AAQ-II - Loyola University Maryland These findings have been established using a general measure of this psychological process, the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-Revised (AAQ-II). Meyer IH. Please contact him for the current status and if you are willing to helpus work on validity and reliability please let us know. PDF acceptance and action questionnaire - Good Medicine I stop doing things that are important to me when it involves someone I dont like. Wasmuth S, Leonhardt B, Pritchard K, Li CY, DeRolf A, Mahaffey L. Am J Occup Ther. A resource for kids, parents, and teachers to find fun and educational materials related to health, science, and the environment Preliminary analyses indicated that the third factor performed poorly with regards to construct validity (i.e., failing to correlate, and in some cases correlating in the opposite direction, with conceptually related constructs) and was therefore excluded from further analyses. There are limitations to the present study. NovoPsychs mission is to help mental health services use psychometric science to improve client outcomes. Frank has consulted with a wide range of organizations, for example, to enhance leadership skills in investment bankers and innovation potential at the BBC. Careers, Unable to load your collection due to an error. ACCEPTANCE AND ACTION QUESTIONNAIRE (AAQ-II) ACCEPTANCE AND ACTION QUESTIONNAIRE (AAQ-II) Below you will find a list of statements. The Acceptance and Action Questionnaire - II: an Item - Springer Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. The IRI is a multidimensional 28 item self-report measure that distinguishes four core components of empathy; personal distress, perspective taking, empathic concern, and fantasy. These aspects included awareness of stigmatizing thoughts, cognitive fusion/defusion with stigmatizing thoughts, experiential avoidance/acceptance of stigmatizing thoughts, distinguishing people from ones stigmatizing thoughts about them, and stigmatizing thoughts as a barrier to valued/effective action. The study used a sample of 604 undergraduate students participating in an online survey for extra credit in a psychology course at the University of Nevada, Reno. Although the original AAQ (Hayes, Luoma, Bond, Masuda and Lillis, 2004), obtaining sufficient alpha levels for it has at times been a problem. Psychological outcomes among lesbian sexual assault survivors: An examination of the roles of internalized homophobia and experiential avoidance. This is a measure of experiential avoidance developed and copyrighted by Steven Hayes (2000). It was designed to assess the same construct as the AAQ-I and, indeed, the two scales correlate at .97, but the AAQ-II has better psychometric consistency. I have trouble not acting on my negative thoughts about others. 2015 Jun;27(2):415-23. doi: 10.1037/pas0000050. The AAQ-II and key psychometric findings for the scale can be found below. Mindfulness and acceptance in multicultural competency: A contextual approach to sociocultural diversity in theory and practice. Of note, items in the psychological flexibility subscale were reverse scored so that higher scores indicate less flexibility with stigmatizing thoughts. Experiential avoidance can be defined as an attempt to avoid or neglect unpleasant thought, unpleasant feelings, bitter memories, uncomfortable physical sensations, and consequently lead to an action that is against one's values and causing long-term . In addition, the correlation between IRI perspective taking and the AAQ-II was significantly lower than the correlation between perspective taking and AAQ-S inflexibility (Z = 2.32, p = .02), perspective taking and AAQ-S flexibility (Z = 3.26, p < .001) and perspective taking and AAQ-S total score (Z = 4.43, p < .001). Example items for Factor 2 include I feel that I am aware of my own biases. and Its OK to have friends that I have negative thoughts about from time to time. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.
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