For example, district level authorities in Bihar and Gujarat only have government and police officials. These are: Assam Rifles (AR): Guards Indias borders with Myanmar.[13]. Figure 10 shows trend of underutilisation of funds between 2009-10 and 2015-16. However, the Second Administrative Reforms Commission has noted the absence of independent oversight authorities that specialise in addressing all kinds of police misconduct, and are easily accessible. This will also allow the police forces to give more time and energy to their core policing functions. The ITBP (146% increase) and the SSB (100% increase) have experienced the maximum increase in this period. Compendium on Performance Audit Reviews on Modernisation of Police Force, Comptroller & Auditor General, http://saiindia.gov.in/english/home/Our_Products/Other_Reports/Compendia/pulice_Force.swf. He assists with investigations, and is also the first point of contact for the public. Note that of 35 states and UTs (excluding Telangana), two states had not made laws or issued notifications regarding setting up of the police complaints authorities (i.e., Jammu and Kashmir and Uttar Pradesh) as of August 2016. Each police officer is also responsible for a large segment of people, given Indias low police strength per lakh population as compared to international standards. When the independent India amalgamated smaller states together Travancore and Cochin states were integrated to form Travancore-Cochin state on 1 July 1949. The Kerala State Police was formed in 1956 after the taluk of Kasargod in the South Kanara district of Madras Presidency, the Malabar district of Madras Presidency, and Travancore-Cochin, without four southern taluks , merged to form the state of Kerala under the States Reorganisation Act.Kerala Police has its headquarters in Thiruvananthapuram, the state capital. The Second Administrative Reforms Commission and the Supreme Court have observed that there is a need to have an independent complaints authority to inquire into cases of police misconduct. It is responsible for investigating offences against the sovereignty, security and integrity of the country punishable under eight specified laws, such as the Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act, 1967 and the Anti-Hijacking Act, 1982. The centre maintains various central armed police forces and paramilitary forces, of which four guard Indias borders, and three perform specialised tasks. Kerala dowry cases: Southern districts register 80% of cases as per PRS Legislative Research is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Police forces have the authority to exercise force to enforce laws and maintain law and order in a state. [23] The Second Administrative Reforms Commission has recommended that this power be limited to promoting professional efficiency and ensuring that police is acting in accordance with law.22 Alternatively the National Police Commission (1977-81) suggested that superintendence be defined in the law to exclude instructions that interfere with due process of law, or that influence operational decisions, or that unlawfully influence police personnel transfers, recruitments, etc. Provide a minimum tenure of at least two years for the DGP and other key police officers (e.g., officers in charge of a police station and district) within the state forces, and the Chiefs of the central forces to protect them against arbitrary transfers and postings. Money KPCC chief Sudhakaran's weakness, will give statement to However, district-level authorities manned by retired district judges were formed only in Thiruvananthapuram and Kozhikode. [13] Note that the Assam Rifles in not a dedicated border guarding force, like the BSF, ITBP and SSB. 310 of 1996, November 8, 2010. The Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel National Police Academy in Hyderabad is responsible for conducting training courses for IPS officers, and for trainers of various police training institutions in the country. A New Beginning: Policing in Northern Ireland, Report of the Independent Commission on Policing for Northern Ireland, September 1999, http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/issues/police/patten/patten99.pdf. A constables responsibilities are wide-ranging, and are not limited to basic tasks. These funds are typically used for strengthening police infrastructure, by way of construction of police stations, purchase of weaponry, communication equipment and vehicles. Central Industrial Security Force (CISF): Provides security to critical infrastructure installations, such as airports, atomic power plants, defence production units and oil fields. [6] For example, police in Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Manipur and Nagaland is regulated under the Police Act, 1861; Model Police Manual: Volume 1, Bureau of Police Research and Development, http://www.bprd.nic.in/WriteReadData/userfiles/file/1645442204-Volume%201.pdf; Police Organisation in India, Commonwealth Human Rights Initiative, 2015, http://www.humanrightsinitiative.org/download/1456400058Final%20Police%20Org%20in%20India%202016.pdf. Hence 1 Nov 1956 will be considered as the day of formation of district in the state of Kerala, As per GO (MS) No.1026/82/(RD) dated 29.10.1982, Government of Kerala, Last edited on 30 September 2022, at 11:09, "NIC Policy on format of e-mail Address: Appendix (2): Districts Abbreviations as per ISO 31662", Ministry Of Communications and Information Technology, https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_districts_of_Kerala&oldid=8463974. This document has been prepared without regard to the objectives or opinions of those who may receive it. The Tahsildar is assisted in each village by village officers and village assistants. Popular tourist destinations in Kerala Historical Wildlife Waterfalls Hill Station Beaches Lakes & Backwaters Pilgrimage About Kerala Tourism Kerala tourism. Bureau of Police Research and Development (BPRD): The BPRD was set up with the mandate to identify the needs and problems of the police forces in the country. Modern policing requires a strong communication support, state-of-art or modern weapons, and a high degree of mobility. The Second Administrative Reforms Commission (2007) has noted that this control has been abused in the past by the political executive to unduly influence police personnel, and have them serve personal or political interests. As of January 2016, the total sanctioned strength of state police forces across India was 22,80,691, with 24% vacancies (i.e. The Law Commission has observed that one of the reasons behind this is the poor quality of investigations. Housing: Importance of providing housing to the constabulary (and generally to the police force) to improve their efficiency and incentive to accept remote postings has also been emphasised by expert bodies, such as the National Police Commission. However, North Malabar and South Malabar remained under the Madras state. It is responsible for investigating serious crimes having all India or inter-state ramifications, such as those related to corruption, financial scams and serious fraud and organised crime (e.g., black marketing and profiteering in essential commodities). In India, crime rate has increased by 28% over the last decade, and the nature of crimes is also becoming more complex (e.g., with emergence of various kinds of cybercrimes and economic fraud). SP is assisted by Additional/Assistant/ Deputy SPs, Inspectors and constabulary. The Indian state of Kerala borders Arabian sea coastline on the west, Tamil Nadu on the south and east, Karnataka on the north and north east. 2316, Lok Sabha, August 4, 2015. The central government recruits Indian Police Service (IPS) officers for the rank of Assistant SP. While the United Nations recommended standard is 222 police per lakh persons, Indias sanctioned strength is 181 police per lakh persons.8,[33] After adjusting for vacancies, the actual police strength in India is at 137 police per lakh persons. Procedure followed in decision making process including Channels of supervision and accountability. Police Rank in States (From Top to Bottom) - Mera Naam Hai Bullaaa Figure 4: Expenditure by states on police over the last decade. [45], Police Telecommunication Network (POLNET): The POLNET project was initiated by the central governed in 2002 to connect the police and paramilitary forces of the country through a satellite based communication network, that will be significantly faster than the existing system of radio communications. The petition asked the court to issue directions for implementation of recommendations of expert committees. 17 states (Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Punjab, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttarakhand) passed new laws or amended their existing laws in light of this new model law. Sashastra Seema Bal (18%), Central Industrial Security Force (10%), Indo-Tibetan Border Police (9%) and National Security Guards (8%) had relatively high vacancies. This affects the response time of the police, and consequently their effectiveness. . The key field units in this setup are the police district and the police station. He has a dual role to both as the agent of the Government of the state and also as the representative of the people in the district. The current D.G.P. It is considered the most important supervisory and functional unit of police administration because the officer in charge of the district (i.e. The Travancore region is again divided into three zones as Northern Travancore (Hill Range) (Idukki and parts of Ernakulam), Central Travancore (Central Range) (Pathanamthitta, Alappuzha and Kottayam) and Southern Travancore (South Range) (Thiruvananthapuram and Kollam). [29], However, the Second Administrative Reforms Commission has noted the absence of independent oversight authorities that specialise in addressing all kinds of police misconduct, and are easily accessible.22 In light of this, under the Model Police Act, 2006 drafted by the Police Act Drafting Committee (2005), and the Supreme Court guidelines (2006), states are required to set up state and district level complaints authorities.[30]. The exceptions are Idukki district, Wayanad district& Ernakulam district. [22] This interferes with professional decision-making by the police (e.g., regarding how to respond to law and order situations or how to conduct investigations), resulting in biased performance of duties.20, To allow the police greater operational freedom while ensuring accountability, various experts have recommended that the political executives power of superintendence over police forces be limited. However, audits have found that the POLNET network is non-functional in various states.42,44,[46] For example, an audit of the Gujarat police force reported that the network had not been operationalised till October 2015 due to non-installation of essential infrastructure, such as remote subscriber units and generator sets. A Police Welfare Board must also be set up to administer and monitor welfare measures for police, including medical assistance, group housing, and legal aid for officers facing court proceedings. Key features of the Model Police Act, 2006 include: Table 4: Incidence and rate of cognizable crime in 2015. Further, there is indiscriminate referencing of cases to these labs resulting in high pendency. For example, a constable is expected to exercise his own judgement in tasks like intelligence gathering, and surveillance work, and report to his superior officers regarding significant developments. In India, crime rate has increased by 28% over the last decade, and the nature of crimes is also becoming more complex (e.g., with emergence of various kinds of cybercrimes and economic fraud).19 Conviction rates (convictions secured per 100 cases) however have been fairly low. [44] Audit Report (General and Social Sector) 2013-14 for West Bengal, Comptroller and Auditor General, http://www.cag.gov.in/sites/default/files/audit_report_files/Chapter_2_Performance_Audit_20.pdf; Audit Report on the General and Social Sector for the year ended March 2015, Comptroller and Auditor General, http://www.cag.gov.in/sites/default/files/audit_report_files/Gujarat_General_and_Social_Sector_Report_2_%202016.pdf. principal offence) by the NCRB. Typically, the CBI takes up an investigation: (i) on the order of the central government with the consent of state government, and (ii) on the order of the Supreme Court and High Courts. : Provides security to critical infrastructure installations, such as airports, atomic power plants, defence production units and oil fields. Training of the police forces is carried out in various kinds of state training institutes. The States Reorganisation Act of 1 November 1956 elevated Kerala to statehood, through the unification of Malayalam-speaking territories in the southwestern Malabar Coast of India. This data has been collated without regard to the objectives or opinions of those who may receive it. [1] Entry 2, List II, Schedule 7, Constitution of India, 1950. Kerala is the first state to develop a drone forensic lab and an anti-drone system at the state level. [6] However, there has been a persistent problem of underutilisation of modernisation funds.32 For example, in 2015-16, the centre and states allocated Rs 9,203 crore for modernisation.
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